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Toxicological Range Finding Test of Aqueous Extract of Borreria verticillata Aerial Parts in Exposed African Catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822) Juveniles

Muyiwa BO, Sambo JS and Oniye SO

The toxic level of aqueous extracts of Borreria verticillata aerial parts on Clarias gariepinus species was investigated in a 24 hrs static nonrenewal bioassay by using range finding test. The Clarias gariepinus (N=80, mean weight and length 21.48 ± 3.32 g and 11.37 ± 1.23 cm) were randomly tested in various concentrations of aqueous extract of Borreria verticillata. Five (5) fish were exposed to different concentrations ranging from 1 mg/l to 1200 mg/l in a 24 hours exposure time without feeding 24 hours before and during the study. The fish exposed to the different concentrations showed absence of, loss of balance, skin discoloration, air gulping, erratic movement, hemorrhage and mortality during the 24 hours period of exposure for each of the four range finding test trials. Aqueous extract of Borreria verticillata was established to be nontoxic to Clarias gariepinus juveniles using behavioral display and mortality as end points in acute exposure. This study is an aid for toxicologists and researchers in determining the toxicity concentrations of aqueous extract of Borreria verticillata in exposed fish.