Pollution de l’environnement et changement climatique

Abstrait

Impacts and Challenges of Seasonal Variabilities of El Nino and La Nina on Crop and Livestock Production in The Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia: A Review

Girma Asefa Bogale, Tasisa Temesgen

In the view of seasonal climate variabilities, climate is the primary determinant of agricultural productivity. The El-Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the most important coupled ocean atmosphere phenomenon to cause global climate variability on inter-annual time scale. Furthermore, El-Niño and La-Niño would create severe reduction of rainfall and severe drought, leading to reduction of pasture and water availability that cannot support the livestock population, as a result of this phenomenon, the livestock population showed a decreasing trend drought. The El Niño and La Niña phase are marked by a deep layer of warm ocean water and of cooler than average ocean temperatures across the eastern and central equatorial Pacific region respectively. More than half of the El-Niño and La-Nina events coincided with lower rainfall distribution and reducing livestock population and higher mortality and off-take rate of cattle and sheep over the area. Drought following El Niño caused 50 to 90% crop failure, in the eastern parts of Ethiopia.